什么是算法交易？

Algorithmic traders, also referred to as automated or black-box traders, use computer programs to systematically execute trades. These programs operate based on a specific set of instructions, or algorithms, allowing for precise and efficient trading decisions. These algorithms guide trades by considering factors such as timing, price, and quantity. As a result, they enable rapid, high-frequency trades that far exceed the capabilities of human traders. Beyond just creating profit opportunities for the trader, algorithmic trading also enhances market liquidity. Moreover, it makes trading more systematic by removing the influence of human emotions from trading decisions.

算法交易的优缺点

优点

算法交易有多项长处：

最佳执行

交易通常按以可能最佳的价格执行，确保交易者获得最优的结果。

低延迟

Traders place orders instantly and accurately, which helps maximize the chance of execution at desired price levels. At the same time, this approach minimizes the impact of rapid price changes, ensuring more efficient trade execution.

降低交易成本

自动交易可以降低与手动配置订单相关的成本。

同步的市场分析

算法可以同时分析多重市场条件，实现更加明智的决策。

无人为错误

降低了配置交易过程中出错的风险，而且消除了情感偏差。

回溯测试

算法交易使用可获的历史和实时数据进行回溯测试，来查看它是否是一种有效的交易策略。

缺点

算法交易也有几个缺点值得考虑：

延迟问题

算法交易有赖于快速的执行速度和低延迟。执行交易发生任何延迟，都可能导致错失机会或亏损。

黑天鹅事件
Algorithms rely on historical data and mathematical models to predict future market movements. However, unpredictable market disruptions, known as black swan events, can cause significant losses.

技术依赖
Algorithmic trading relies on technology, including computer programs and high-speed internet connections. Technical failures can disrupt the trading process and cause losses.

市场影响

大型算法交易可以影响市场价格，导致无法快速调整策略的交易者蒙受亏损。算法交易还与市场波动加剧、甚至闪崩相关。

监管

Algorithmic trading must comply with complex regulatory requirements, which can often be time-consuming and challenging. As a result, traders need to stay informed and ensure adherence to evolving regulations.

高昂的资金成本

开发和维护算法交易系统可能需要大笔的花费，交易者可能需要为软件和数据流持续支付费用。

定制受限
Algorithmic trading systems operate according to fixed rules and instructions. However, this structure can limit traders’ ability to customize their trades according to their specific preferences. As a result, flexibility in decision-making may be restricted.

缺乏人为判断
Algorithmic trading primarily relies on mathematical models and historical data. However, this dependence means that the system may overlook qualitative factors that have the potential to influence market movements. Furthermore, the absence of human judgment can hinder traders who favor a more intuitive or instinctive approach to trading. As a result, those who rely on experience and market sentiment may find algorithmic strategies less adaptable.

如何开始使用算法交易

Getting started with algorithmic trading involves a few essential steps. First, you should learn programming languages commonly used, such as C++, Java, and Python. Next, familiarise yourself with financial markets to understand how they operate. After that, either develop your own trading strategy or choose one that suits your goals. Then, backtest your strategy using historical data. Once you’re confident in your approach, you can implement it through a brokerage that offers algorithmic trading.